Nano and Medical Materials

Neuronal cell model line SHSY-5Y is extensively adopted when in vitro investigations are related to Parkinson disease (PD) application. Herein, chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) were formulated for the co-administration of dopamine (DA) and Grape Seed Extract (GSE) with the aim to gain insight into the interactions occurring between SHSY-5Y and NPs. Following the ionic gelation technique, the mean particle size of the NPs resulted in the range 310–330 nm and the zeta measurements were in the range +16.4 – +35.5 mV. The presence of CS chains on the surface suggested by positive zeta values was also confirmed by FT-IR analysis, whereas storage stability studies upon different temperatures evidenced that, although aggregation occurred, DA autoxidation was prevented because no black suspensions were detected over the time, irrespectively of the temperature assayed. From a biological viewpoint, release studies of CS NPs loaded with DA and GSE showed that in SHSY-5Y cell lines DA accumulation was time-dependent, irrespectively of the presence of GSE. Furthermore, ROS levels and carbonylated proteins both decreased in SHSY-5Y cell line once NPs administering both DA and GSE were incubated, suggesting a significative reduction of oxidative stress which plays a significative role for PD development.

In this paper, we report the synthesis of MgO nanoparticles (NPs) by the co-precipitation method. The structural properties of the samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, which revealed that the MgO Nps have a cubic structure. The functional groups of the as-synthesised samples were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical properties of the as-synthesised samples were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy in the range of 200–800 nm, and the energy bandgap was calculated by the taus relation. The magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) showed significant dose-dependent bactericidal activity in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. From the analysis of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of MgO NPs, it is revealed that the dose is sufficient for killing. These may be used in medical applications.

In order to study the green creation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by decreasing the Ag+ ions in a silver nitrate solution, green tea plant extract was utilized. The generated AgNPs were examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The produced AgNPs were 685 nm in size, spherical in shape, polydispersed in nature, and exhibited a maximum absorbance at 416 nm. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus were successfully combatted by the AgNPs.

The unprecedented upsurge of human suffering, whose canvas seems to broaden by the emergence of incurable diseases as a result of evolution of novel strains of microbes is further compounded by the development of antimicrobial resistance, growing urbanization and lifestyle. Nanomaterials are of nano size-ranging from 10–100 nm, and nowadays, they are finding immense applications in drug delivery owing to their advantages over the conventional drug delivery systems. This review article aims to discuss various types of nanomaterials including polymeric nanoparticles (polymersomes, dendrimers, polymer micelles, nanospheres, and nanogels), inorganic nanoparticles (SiNPs, quantum dots, MXenes, FeONPs, and AuNPs) and lipid-based nanomaterials (liposome, lipid nanoparticles, emulsions, and niosomes) in drug delivery applications. Besides this, the manuscript also discusses their limitations, suitability, theranostics, and safety concerns in drug delivery. From the discussion about their applications and limitations in drug delivery, it can be conclusively stated that because of their versatility, the nanomaterials are promising contenders in the field of nanomedicine and their utility in healthcare has convincingly endorsed the fact that however ‘nano’ the dimensions of nanomaterials are, they have colossal relevance.

Diabetes mellitus, a serious disease affecting millions of people worldwide, is a disease characterized by increased levels of glucose concentration in the blood. Monitoring blood glucose has been declared a crucial and important tool that makes diabetes management probable. A large number of suitable glucose biosensors have been developed so far. This research has particularly focused on covering achieving biocompatible and improved sensing platforms which are evolving with the contribution of novel materials. The motivation for writing this review is to discuss and review the recent advances in enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose sensors evolved in the last few years.

Nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems constitute an emerging and swiftly progressing discipline, employing nanoscale materials for diagnostic tools and targeted, controlled administration of therapeutic agents. Nanotechnology offers substantial advantages for treating chronic ailments, facilitating precise, site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents. Recent applications encompass a diverse array of nanomedicine implementations, including chemotherapeutic, biological, and immunotherapeutic agents, for treating diverse medical conditions. This comprehensive review provides an updated summary of recent strides in the realm of nanomedicines and nano-based drug delivery systems. It critically examines the utilization of nanomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of both novel and established drugs (e.g., natural products) and to enable selective disease diagnosis through the identification of disease marker molecules. The review also addresses the prospects and challenges associated with the transition of nanomedicines from synthetic or natural origins to their practical clinical deployment. Furthermore, the document offers insights into prevailing trends and future prospects within the domain of nanomedicine.

As part of the ongoing intention by the Academic Publishing Pte. Ltd. (http://ojs.acad-pub.com/), to create new and beneficial open access publication opportunities, the journal Nano and Medical Materials (ISSN: 2811-0285) (http://ojs.acad-pub.com/index.php/NMM), launched a project named Section Collections, which can help readers and authors to search the publications with congeneric topics with diverse backgrounds that cover the various facets of the research topic.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) are an important class of organic materials that can be used for various purposes like hydrogen storage, lithium batteries, and CO₂ capture from the environment. Triazine itself has a vast array of use as it contains nitrogen at its three edges which can be efficiently used to synthesize nano architectonic porous organic polymers.