Nano Carbons

In this study, a composite disc with Kevlar (491PR-286) material was modeled. Kevlar consists of very strong fibers of very light carbon origin. That is why they are used quite often in unmanned aerial vehicles and spacecraft. The disc has been subjected to thermal stress under a linearly increasing temperature distribution. The temperature limit conditions were applied as 25 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, 100 °C, and 150 °C. The obtained findings were determined using a computer program, the psedudospectral Chebyshev method, and analytically in three different ways. The main difference between this study and other studies is that it investigates the thermal stresses occurring in circular discs using different methods. The results obtained are compared fairly among themselves and presented with graphs. It was determined that tangential stresses were higher than radial stresses at the studied temperature values. In the analytical study conducted, the radial stresses on the inner and outer surfaces of the disc were determined to be zero for the boundary conditions. Under the increasing temperature distribution from the inner surface to the outer surface, tangential stresses occurred as tensile stress on the inner part of the disc and compressive stress on the outer part. Under the decreasing temperature distribution from the inner surface to the outer surface, tangential stresses are pressed on the inner part of the disc, resulting in a tensile stress on the outer part. It is observed that with increasing temperature, there is an increase in radial and tangential stress values. At the end of the study, it was concluded that Kevlar (491PR-286) material discs can be used at high temperatures.

Hexacyanoferrate(III) [HCF(III)] was used to oxidize thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) in an aqueous perchloric acid (HClO₄) medium, and the reaction kinetics were studied spectrophotometrically at 420 nm while keeping a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm⁻³ and modulating the temperature between 298K–318K. The stoichiometry of the reaction among TCH and HCF in the HClO₄ medium is 1:2. The reaction has a lower than unit order in both TCH and HClO₄ and is of the first order in HCF. The impact of varying the ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium on the rate has been investigated. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate was studied, and different activation parameters of reaction Ea, ΔH^#, ΔS^#, ΔG^#, and log₁₀ A were calculated. The products of oxidation were analyzed by simple qualitative analysis. On the basis of the collected data, the rate law has been derived, and a probable mechanism has been proposed.

In this study, the calculated thermal stresses on a layered annular circular disk were analyzed analytically. At the end of the analysis, it was observed that the thermal tensile strength of the boron carburetor (B4C) with a high modulus of elasticity is higher than titanium, and titanium is more than aluminum. The results obtained are shared with the literature and presented with graphs.

Nanocarbon materials, with their size and unique properties, have found a range of uses in agriculture. These uses include improving soil quality, managing nutrients, controlling pests, purifying water, and monitoring crop growth. Nanocarbon materials help improve the structure of the soil and retain nutrients, creating an environment where plants can thrive. They also serve as carriers for controlled nutrient release and promote plant development. In pest management, nanocarbon-based formulas deliver pesticides or helpful microorganisms with precise targeting to minimize environmental harm. When it comes to water purification and bioremediation, nanocarbons’ ability to adsorb contaminants makes them a valuable tool for cleaning water sources. Additionally, nanocarbon is used in crop monitoring systems that provide real-time information on plant health and environmental conditions, helping farmers optimize their practices. However, for nanocarbons to be widely adopted in agriculture, safety concerns must be addressed, along with approvals and cost-effectiveness considerations, to ensure their integration into farming methods.

 Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements and potential applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine. The review begins by discussing the different types of carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes, highlighting their distinct structures and properties. It then explores the synthesis and functionalization strategies employed to tailor their physicochemical properties, facilitating their integration into various biomedical platforms. Furthermore, the review delves into the applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedicine, focusing on three major areas: diagnostics, therapeutics, and tissue engineering. In diagnostics, carbon-based nanomaterials have demonstrated their utility as biosensors, imaging agents, and platforms for disease detection and monitoring. In therapeutics, they have been utilized for drug delivery, gene therapy, and photothermal therapy, among others. Additionally, carbon-based nanomaterials have shown great potential in tissue engineering, where they have been employed as scaffolds, biosensors, and substrates for cell growth and differentiation. The review also highlights the challenges and considerations associated with the use of carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications, including toxicity concerns, biocompatibility, and regulatory considerations. Moreover, it discusses the current trends and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field, such as the development of multifunctional nanomaterials, combination therapies, and personalized medicine.