Progress in Immunology

Objective: We aimed to establish and evaluate a rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by ship smoke. Methods: We monitored the changes of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide concentration within 20 min after combustion of ship materials with a AIKE four in one gas detector. We detected the changes of arterial blood gas, coagulation time, and lung moisture content (%). Macroscopic and microscopic changes in lung tissue were observed to understand the degree of lung injury. Results: We set 5 g ship materials and smoked 15 min as experimental conditions. Metabolic acidosis in the early stage after inhalation, but metabolic acidosis combined with respiratory acidosis in later stage. Histopathological observation showed diffuse hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue as manifestations of lung injury, and the injury did not recover at 72 h after inhalation, the change of blood coagulation function was not statistically significant. Conclusion: A rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by ship smoke was successfully established, which has the advantages of easy replication, stability and reliability. It can be used to research and treatment inhalation lung injury induced by ship smoke in naval war environment and other cases.

Vaccine hesitancy amongst dental health care workers (DHCW) remains a concern due to the high risk of exposure to COVID-19 and the prolonged duration of aerosol-generating dental treatments. Ubiquitous acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is critical for achieving herd immunity to combat this pandemic. This study aims to explore the individual, interpersonal and organizational factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy in dental professionals which may assist in the development of educational programs directed at enhancing vaccine acceptance. A total of 112 papers were identified of which 23 were deemed to be suitable. The socioeconomic model was employed as a framework to evaluate the contributing factors for vaccine hesitancy. Concerns over vaccine safety, lack of information, social media, socio-economic status and trust in governmental and pharmaceutical organizations were perpetuating reasons for vaccine hesitancy. The findings of this review highlight the importance of evidence-based vaccine education programs targeted at enhancing the knowledge surrounding COVID-19 vaccines which would assist in eradicating vaccine hesitancy within the dental community. This in turn has crucial implications in promoting vaccine acceptance within the general population.