Forum for Economic and Financial Studies

The brand is one of the most valuable assets of the brand value and is one of the most important and inimitable assets of any company. One of the effective factors in determining brand value is the image of the brand’s country of origin. The purpose of the research is to examine the measurement of brand differentiation and loyalty on brand equity in the automotive industry. The dimensions of brand value in this research are brand differentiation and loyalty. The dimensions of brand value in this research are brand differentiation and loyalty. In the current research, the statistical population of all people who are exposed to the choice and use of cars in Rasht city and the sample size of this research also due to the unlimited population. Cochran’s formula was used, and 282 samples were analyzed and statistically analyzed. The research results showed that brand differentiation has a positive effect on brand equity. Also, brand loyalty has a positive effect on brand equity.

Although online shopping has become more and more popular, keeping clients is still a big problem. Satisfaction, which is mostly dependent on comprehending and establishing trust with customers, is what determines whether or not a business can retain its customers. In the ever-changing world of e-commerce, this study examines the relationship between consumer loyalty, happiness, and service quality, with a focus on brand trust. The findings indicate that several aspects of service quality, including order processing, speed, convenience, and quality of communication from couriers, have a big impact on how satisfied customers are with their online purchases. The most powerful element influencing pleasure, however, turned out to be ease. The relationship’s key mediator is brand trust. As a result, consumer loyalty is increased and uncertainty is decreased. In particular, in developing e-commerce countries such as Pakistan, the study emphasizes how important it is to enhance consumer happiness, service quality, and brand credibility. By stressing the mediating function of brand trust and highlighting the dynamics in emerging nations, this research adds to the body of current work. It emphasizes how crucial trust and quality customer service are to creating long-lasting, customer-focused e-commerce enterprises. While acknowledging its limits, the study provides useful insights and avenues for further cross-country research.

The world of business-to-business (B2B) has undergone significant evolution, transforming from a conventional financial practice into a strategic tool for modern enterprises. This research paper delves into the multifaceted realm of B2B leasing, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its intricacies, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. In an era marked by economic uncertainty, environmental awareness, and an increased focus on sustainability, B2B leasing stands as a versatile and strategic financial instrument deserving of thorough examination. This research endeavors to equip businesses, policymakers, and industry stakeholders with insights to navigate the dynamic world of B2B leasing effectively.

The contemporary leasing landscape is marked by increasing complexity and risk, necessitating rigorous customer credibility checks as a critical safeguard for lessors. This research paper delves into the multifaceted realm of customer credibility checks, shedding light on their paramount importance in the leasing industry. Central to this study are the diverse methods employed to assess customer credibility. Comprehensive coverage is provided on widely adopted approaches, including credit rating, GST analysis, balance sheet analysis, cash flow analysis, and profit and loss analysis. Through detailed examination, the paper unveils the strengths and limitations of each method, facilitating a nuanced understanding of their applicability in different leasing scenarios.

The paper explores the concept of “green finance” and its role in addressing environmental issues through diverse funding strategies in China. It analyzes the factors driving renewable energy development in China from 2005 to 2022 using a unique method called “christened plate cointegration” and connected-ness modeling. The study highlights the significance of encouraging environmentally responsible financing and involving private sector businesses in regional and global growth for long-term sustainability. The paper emphasizes the importance of cross-country dependence (CD) as a metric for analyzing inter-connectedness between studied countries and suggests isolating the pass dependence for an impartial CD analysis. The study demonstrates that an increase in renewable energy usage leads to a rise in trade-mark registrations and financial development applications, and private sector involvement corresponds to the rise in trademarks and patents. Overall, the study emphasizes the significance of green financing in mitigating climate change and advancing sustainable growth, as well as the role played by private enterprises in local, national, and global development.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which began in China at the end of 2019, is said to have infected over seven million people and has been responsible for the deaths of almost 600,000 people. It became a global emergency with its impact on the political, social, and economic lives of the entire world population. The International Monetary Fund and other sources have predicted that the effect of COVID-19 would include recession, and experts have claimed it would be orchestrated by commodity plummet, drops in tourism, inconsistent supply and demand, etc. Importantly, as COVID-19 advances in Africa, it is pertinent to address the peculiar nature of its impact on the African countries’ social, political, and economic atmosphere. The whole impact of COVID-19 seems to be weakening the weak African countries, considering the conspicuous challenges individual African countries are confronted with. This paper explores and explicates the political economy of COVID-19 in African countries. The paper was a desktop approach analysis of the political economy of COVID-19 and relevant materials were used from textbooks, the internet, and other journals.