Prof. S. Nallusamy
Dr. Anup Dey
Section Collection Information
In the current healthcare scenario, Nanomaterials are found throughout the medical devices industry. Favoured for their enhanced mechanical, biological and chemical properties, they are used in devices including synthetic bone grafts, wound dressings and medical instruments. Manufacturers need to consider how the use of nanomaterials impacts the device design, risk, biocompatibility, toxicity, and the other chemical, physical and biological properties of the device. Nanomaterials are defined as unbound or aggregate particles where at least half of the particles have external dimensions of 1-100nm. While there are no explicit requirements in the current Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) as replacements to the Medical Devices Directive (MDD) and ln Vitro Diagnostic Devices Directive (IVDD) in relation to nanomaterials, these are present in the new EU MDR and IVDR, which include specific classification rules for devices incorporating or consisting of nanomaterial. This risk-based approach allows more scrutiny of nanomaterials, based on current uncertainties over their environmental, biological, and toxicological risk The applications of materials of nano-size have escalated in the last fifteen or so years and are currently gaining momentum. The technology has broad applications in performance materials, health, consumer products, water, information technology and energy. Nanomaterials are classified as inorganic, carbon-based, organic, and composite-based nanomaterials. Generally, inorganic-based nanomaterials include different metal and metal oxide nanomaterials. Carbon-based nanomaterials include graphene, fullerene, single-walled carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, activated carbon, and carbon black. The organic-based nanomaterials are formed from organic materials excluding carbon materials, for instance, dendrimers, cyclodextrin, liposomes, and micelle. Composite nanomaterials are any combination of metal-based, metal oxide-based, carbon-based, and/or organic-based nanomaterials, and these nanomaterials have complicated structures like a metal-organic framework.
Nanomedical devices are anticipated to have a significant influence on our capacity to increase energy conversion, regulate pollution, generate food, and enhance human health and lifespan. The production of nanomedical devices has been steadily increasing as a result of developments in the field of nanotechnology. Some medical nanodevices could be mobile, meaning they might move through the blood, through bodily tissue, or along artery walls. Depending on the tasks they would be expected to carry out, others would have varying forms, hues, and surface textures. They would have a variety of sensor arrays and robotic manipulators. Each medical nanodevice would have a distinct shape and behavior and could be created to do a specific task very effectively. The simplest nanomedical tools are used to identify illnesses, treat injuries, and stop infections.