Dear colleagues,

Nanomaterials are engineered materials with dimensions typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, they have a wide range of applications in various fields. However, their interactions with cells, tissues, and living organisms are still not fully understood and are the subject of intense research. When nanomaterials come into contact with living organisms, they can interact with cells and tissues at various levels, including cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cellular signaling. The interactions between nanomaterials and living systems depend on several factors, including the size, shape, surface chemistry, and charge of the nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can enter cells through various mechanisms, such as endocytosis, phagocytosis, and membrane penetration. Once inside the cells, nanomaterials can affect cellular processes, such as gene expression, protein synthesis, and cell division. Moreover, nanomaterials can also interact with intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to various biological responses.

At the tissue level, nanomaterials can interact with the extracellular matrix, the blood-brain barrier, and the immune system. They can also induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses, leading to potential toxicity and adverse health effects. In living organisms, the interactions of nanomaterials with cells and tissues can lead to various biological responses, including tissue damage, cell death, and immune responses. However, nanomaterials can also have beneficial effects, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical imaging. In conclusion, the interactions of nanomaterials with cells, tissues, and living organisms are complex and depend on several factors. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential risks and benefits of nanomaterials and to develop safe and effective nanotechnologies.

All articles related to this field are welcome to contribute.