Dear colleagues,

Humans have been less physically active over the past century, increasing their sedentary habits. The incidence and prevalence of chronic illnesses have increased as a result of this behavioral shift. Thus, engaging in regular physical exercise has the potential to affect one's health via altering metabolic processes and the immune system, particularly in older people. Exercise can have a variety of effects on the immune system, though. Exercise of a moderate intensity seems to have a protective impact on the immune system. Additionally, the body fat is prone to increase with ageing, increasing inflammatory levels and compromising the immune system. Upon that, exercise and health lifestyles may allow to improve the immune system function.

Authors are encouraged to submit descriptive, experimental, case studies or reviews that cover the relationship between exercise and the immune system and provide new insights in clinical practices.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Pedro Forte

Prof. Dr. António Miguel Monteiro

Prof. Dr. Luís Branquinho

Prof. Dr. Hattabi Soukaina

Dr. Juliana Aparecida Preto de Godoy

Section Editors